Table Of Content
This teaching guide will explain the benefits of incorporating backward design. Then it will elaborate on the three stages that backward design encompasses. Finally, an overview of a backward design template is provided with links to blank template pages for convenience. Any method you use to determine the nature and degree of student learning. Section 1 provides an overview of assessment methods and the leading method of how to build strong assessments.
Time-Consuming Planning Phase
This educational theory was primarily influenced by the works of Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, who introduced these ideas in the mid-20th century. According to Piaget, learning is a process where individuals construct knowledge based on their experiences. Students know right from the start what they're aiming for, which helps keep them motivated and on track. In 2005, Wiggins and McTighe published a second edition of their book to include new insights and updates. Around the same time, the approach started getting attention from policymakers.
Bloom’s Taxonomy: The Ultimate Guide [Free Download]
With a good rubric in place, we then work backwards to determine what lessons students need to do excellent work on the final assessment. So if we re-do this unit plan with backward design, we’ll need to start by developing an assessment that would measure success with that standard. Just like any plan, your initial Backward Design framework may require adjustments.
Stage 3: Learning Plan
It continually encourages the instructor to establish the purpose of doing something before implementing it into the curriculum. Therefore, backward design is an effective way of providing guidance for instruction and designing lessons, units, and courses. Once the learning goals, or desired results, have been identified, instructors will have an easier time developing assessments and instruction around grounded learning outcomes. Some teachers may fear that backward design emphasizes “teaching to the test,” which puts unfair pressure on students to learn for the sake of the final assessment. However, it is up to the skilled teacher to emphasize the process of gaining new knowledge, as opposed to acing the final test. While it can be difficult to grasp at first, backward design encourages educators to be intentional with their lesson planning, since it imbues the class time with a specific purpose.
The idea in backward design is to teach toward the "end point" or learning goals, which typically ensures that content taught remains focused and organized. This, in turn, aims at promoting better understanding of the content or processes to be learned for students. The educator is able to focus on addressing what the students need to learn, what data can be collected to show that the students have learned the desired outcomes (or learning standards) and how to ensure the students will learn. Although backward design is based on the same components of the ADDIE model, backward design is a condensed version of these components with far less flexibility. Backward design challenges "traditional" methods of curriculum planning.
Center for the Advancement of Teaching Excellence (CATE)
For the first time, it felt like none of my class was wasted; everything actually mattered. There was something a lot more satisfying about doing things this way. The “full” version of Wiggins and McTighe’s original approach is pretty complex and can be time-consuming to implement. For now, though, I’m just going to share the most basic version of backward design. And I got to drool over Matt Dillon in the movie’s opening scene again and again and again.
Encourages Higher-Order Thinking
As the quote below highlights, teaching is not just about engaging students in content. It is also about ensuring students have the resources necessary to understand. Student learning and understanding can be gauged more accurately through a backward design approach since it leverages what students will need to know and understand during the design process in order to progress.
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Methods can include teacher-centered approaches like demonstrations or lectures, or student-centered approaches like peer discussion and inquiry-based learning. Basically, focus on identifying the desired results, which should be student-centered. Then your course design will have learning experiences tailored toward those learning outcomes.
By focusing on the end goals—say, improving customer service or increasing sales—trainers can build a program that really works. No more slogging through boring PowerPoint slides that nobody remembers the next day. Instead, employees get active, engaging training that equips them to do their jobs better. This teaching guide is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. What your students will know and skills they will learn by the end of the course.
In a classroom influenced by Constructivist principles, students are actively engaged, asking questions, and building their own understanding. Backward Design aligns with Constructivism by initiating the learning process with a clear objective. Knowing this goal helps learners actively construct the knowledge required to achieve it.
The incorporation of backward design also lends itself to transparent and explicit instruction. If the teacher has explicitly defined the learning goals of the course, then they have a better idea of what they want the students to get out of learning activities. Furthermore, if done thoroughly, it eliminates the possibility of doing certain activities and tasks for the sake of doing them.
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